Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Coat the inside of a 10-inch springform pan with non-stick cooking spray and add a bit of flour. Set aside.
Fried Apples
Melt the butter over medium heat in a large skillet. Add the apple slices, brown sugar, and cinnamon. Cook for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the apples are tender. Transfer to a plate to cool.
Coffee Cake
In a large mixing bowl, beat the butter and sugar together using a hand mixer until light and creamy. Add the eggs 1 at a time, and then mix in the vanilla. Scrape down the sides of the mixing bowl.
In a medium mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, and salt.
Add half of the flour mixture to the butter mixture and mix. Pour in the milk and mix. Then add the remainingflour and mix until just combined.
Pour the coffee cake batter into the prepared pan and set aside.
Streusel Topping
In a medium mixing bowl, combine the flour, brown sugar, granulated sugar, cinnamon, salt, nutmeg, and allspice. Add the butter and use a pastry cutter or fork to cut the butter into the dry ingredients until it resembles peas.
Sprinkle half of the streusel topping over the top of the coffee cake batter. Carefully spoon the apples evenly over the coffee cake. Top with the remaining streusel.
Bake for 60 minutes, or until the center is set. (If the topping starts to darken too much, carefully cover the pan loosely with foil.)
Apple Cider Glaze
While the cake bakes, bring cider to a boil in a medium saucepan over medium heat. Reduce the heat to low and simmer for 15 minutes or until reduced to 1/4 cup. Stir in the butter, vanilla, and salt. Transfer to a small bowl to cool.
Whisk the powdered sugar into the cider mixture. (You can add up to an extra ½ cup more powdered sugar for a thicker glaze if needed.)
Remove from the oven and let cool for 5-10 minutes before slicing and serving warm, or let cool completely to room temperature. Drizzle with apple cider glaze if desired.