Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or a silicone baking mat.
In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
In a large bowl, beat together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy, about 1-2 minutes.
Add egg, vanilla, lime juice, and lime zest to butter mixture. Beat until combined.
Add the flour mixture, one cup at a time, to the wet ingredients. Stop mixing once everything is combined.
Roll 2 tablespoons of cookie dough into a ball and place it onto the prepared baking sheet. Repeat with the remaining dough, keeping the dough balls 2-inches apart.
Bake for 13-15 minutes or until just barely browned on the bottom.
Remove from the oven and allow to cool for a few minutes on the baking sheet before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.